英
语第三册语言点详解UnitI. Language points（课文前面部分出现的）
1. He is cold, mean and only interested in profit and money.
mean adj. （才能等）平庸的，普通的，卑贱的，小气的
means n.［C］ 方法、手段、工具 （同way，method）
mean v. 意指、意谓、预定、指定。
What do you mean by your silence?你沉默是什么意思？
What do you mean by signing the letter for him?你为什么竟然代他在信上签名？
mean doing 意味着
Missing the bus means waiting for another one hour.错过这班车意味着要再等一个小时。
What do you mean by your silence? 你沉默是什么意思？
What do you mean by signing the letter for him? 你为什么竟然代他在信上签名？
mean to do 打算
I meant to wait for him. 我打算等他。
mean/intend/plan/design/propose对比
intend:指做或说某件事的意愿
mean:没有intend 那种强烈的意图，指心中想要，为一般用语
plan:指思考计划等
design:尤指细心计划，有慎重行事之意
propose:指公开表明意图，为征求他人意见或承认，而表示有明确的意图
2. care for like; be pleased or attracted by 喜爱；对……感兴趣
[举例](1)She can’t come to my party because she will care for her sick mother．
她不能参加我的晚会因为她要照看她生病的妈妈。
(2)You don’t care much for Tony, do you?你不太喜欢托尼，是吗?
[辨析care for，care about
care for意为“喜欢”“照顾”，而care about意为“在意” care about: be concerned about; worry about
[举例](1)I don’t care about your opinion．我不在意你的看法。
(2)would you care for a cup of tea?喝一杯茶。好吗?
(3)She wanted to care for her sister at home．她想在家照看她的妹妹。
She doesn't care for skating. 她不喜欢滑冰。
I don’t really care for tea and I like coffee better.我确实不喜欢喝茶……。
look after; attend to 照顾；照料
The sick must be cared for. 病人应得到照料。
They do not care about their employees, their families or poor people in society.
用care for，care about填空
Who will care for the children if their mother dies.
We should care for/about each other when in trouble ?
I don’t care much about what happens to him.
The sick with cancer cared a lot about his health.
3. in the race to become rich quickly
in the race to do sth在做某事的竞赛中
a 100-meter race/dash百米赛跑/百米短跑
His race is nearly run.他的人生路程快走完了。
run a race against time/race against time同时间赛跑/争取时间
It was a race against time.同时间赛跑。（第六单元）
So the real race against time started from
He raced his bike against a car last week.上星期他骑自行车与汽车赛跑。
I’ll race you to the end of the road.我和你赛跑到路的尽头。
I’ll race you home.看谁先到家。
race with sb for a prize为一奖品同某人竞赛
the yellow race黄色人种（种族，指具有相同肤色或体型的群体）
the Chinese nation中华民族（指具有共同语言和历史，通常居住在同一区域，比race小的群体）
a tribe of hunters living in the Amazon forest居住在亚马逊原始森林中以狩猎为生的部落（指具有相同风俗习惯和宗教信仰，通常也有相同语言，比nation小的群体）
4. hygiene n.[u] 卫生
public hygiene 公共卫生
n.[u] 卫生学(=hygienics) mental hygiene 心理卫生学
5. fake adj. having a false or misleading appearance假的；伪造的
n. one that is not authentic or genuine冒牌货；赝品
The painting looked old but was a recent fake.这幅画看上去年代久远，实际是最近的一幅赝品。
6. bacteria n.[c] a very small living thing 细菌（bacterium 的复数）
The smallest living things that can be seen under a microscope are bacteria.
在显微镜下可以见到的最小的有生命的东西是细菌。
7. powder n. very small pieces of something together 粉；粉末
Flour is a powder made from wheat. 面粉是小麦做的粉。
8. employee n. the person who is employed 雇员；受雇者
The factory has two hundred employees. 工厂有两百个职工。
employee n. 员工，受雇员工 employer 老板 employment n. 雇用
the employed 受雇者，就业者 the unemployed失业者
They employ six waiters.他们雇用六名侍者。
9. standard n. anything taken as a basis of comparison; a model 标准；水准；规格
We must raise the living standard of the people. 我们必须提高人民的生活水平。
10. conscience n. the moral sense of right and wrong 良心；是非感
He is a man of conscience. 他是个有良心的人。
have a good/clear conscience问心无愧have a bad /guilty conscience 感到内疚
I have done nothing wrong , so I have a good/clear conscience. 问心无愧
I had a bad conscience about not telling him the truth. 觉得内疚
A good conscience is a soft pillow.问心无愧,高枕无忧.
A guilty conscience is a self-accuser.做贼心虚.
according to one’s conscience = in all conscience凭良心
examine one’s conscience扪心自问
be a matter of conscience事关良心
II. 课文中出现的
1.It’s so cold in here在这儿干什么？
from here从这里，near here这里附近（名词）
对比：here and now，此时此地 here and there处处，到处
2. If I hear another word from you, you will go where it is really cold.
要是再听到你说一个冷字，你就到真正冷的地方去。
where引导的是地点状语从句,wherever, everywhere也可以引导地点状语从句。
①He left the key where it lay. 他把钥匙忘在原来放的地方。
Cf: He left key in the place where it lay.
②Where there is a will , there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
③Everywhere/Wherever I went , people were happy.无论我走到哪儿
④Help must be given where/wherever necessary.=Help must be given
when/whenever necessary.
---I’ll ask our physics teacher to explain
---That’s just _____ most of the students still have doubt.
A. where B. why C. how D. what
3.You’ll want all day off tomorrow, I suppose? 你明天是想放一整天假吗？
want / have/ take a day off / take two days off休一天/两天假
ask for leave 请假，ask for six weeks’ leave / a six-week leave请六个星期假
4.I have to pay you a whole day’s wages for no work at all.你一整天不工作，而我还得付给你钱。
“工资”种种
wages:（复）工资，支付给手工或劳力的短期间的工资（日给、周给）
Most British workers get their wages by the week. 多数英国工人的工资是每周领取的。
salary：支付给从事知识性和专门性的工作者的固定薪俸
pay: 薪水、工资的最普通用语，特指海陆军人及其他在政府部门工作者的薪水
income：收入、收益
5. Nephew, you celebrate Christmas in your own way.你用你的方式庆祝圣诞节。
celebrate 与 congratulate
celebrate vt. 庆祝，其宾语是节日或事件
congratulate 的宾语不是所祝贺的事，而是所祝贺的人。
congratulations to sb. on sth./congratulate sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事
I will congratulate you on your passing the college entrance examination. 祝贺你通过了大学入学考试。
You celebrate Christmas in your own way, and let me celebrate it in mine.
6.Let me leave it alone（那么就不谈庆祝的事吧。）/leave me alone（让我独自呆会儿。）
1eave alone不管；随……去
[举例](1)Leave the cat alone．不要逗那猫。
(2)Don’t touch that，leave it alone．别动了，把它放在一边别管。
[拓展leave alone还译为“把……独自留下”
[举例](1)I can’t leave her alone on the island．我不能把她一个人独自留在岛上。
(2)She couldn’t leave her baby alone at home．她不能把孩子一人留在家里。
_______ in a dark room, the little girl was so frightened that she cried her eyes out.
A. Leaving alone B. Left alone C. Being left alone D. To be left alone
7. Much good may it do you!= May it do you much good!= May you be happy!但愿圣诞赐福于你！
do sb. good = do good to sb. 对某人有利
do sb. a lot of /much good/some good/ no good
be good for sth/ sb. = have a useful effect on sth./ sb.
be good to sb. = be kind to sb.对……友好
for good (and all) = for ever 永久地，一劳永逸地 for your own good 对你有好处
for the good of 对……有好处 no good = no use + doing sth.没有用
What good…? What is the good of…?……有什么用
①He has given up smoking for good and all.
②A breath of fresh air often do our health a lot of good.
③It is no good complaining now.
④He was good to me when I was ill.
⑤I go swimming for the good of my health.
⑥You should drink that medicine, not because I want you to, but for your own good.
⑦What good is money if you don’t know how to use it?
do sb good/harm/wrong/damage =do good/harm/wrong/damage to sb
8.But you admit that it hasn’t so far.但是到目前为止，你还没有得到赐福呢。
admit （admitted, admitting）vt.承认;准许…进入，招收; 容纳=seat/hold/contain vi.容许;承认
admit sb./sth into /to …允许某人进入…
sb. be admitted to school（hospital）接受某人入学（入院 ）
admit sb./sth. to be adj. 承认….是
admit sth/ doing 承认…
admit(to sb.) that –clause 向某人承认。
admit my mistake/making a mistake
I admit my mistake./ making a mistake./ that I was wrong.我承认我错了。
Though he was admitted into/to a famous university, his parents couldn’t afford the tuition.
虽然他考取了一所著名大学，但是他的父母却付不起学费。
We admit him to be foolish. 我们认为他傻。
The church admits/sests/holds only 200 people. 教堂只能容纳200人.
---I’d like to go to the movie with you, Dad.
---Sorry, my son, but only the grown-ups are ____ into the cinema.
A. required B. intended C. supposed D. admitted
The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year. 这所学校每年招收60名男女新生。
The prisoner has admitted his guilt. 犯人认罪了。
Many students are admitted to college every year. 每年有许多学生上大学。
[注意]admit作承认时后常接名词、动名词或从句作宾语，而不接不定式；但可接“介词to+名词” 也可接to be作宾语补足语。
[举例](1)He admitted his guilt．—He admitted(that)he was guilty．他承认了自己的罪行。
(2)Will you admit having broken the window?—Will you admit that you have broken the window?你承认是你打破了窗户吗?
(3)We all admit him to be foolish．=We all admit that he is foolish．我们都认为他是傻瓜
[记忆]admittance n．[UC]许可进入(尤指非公共场所)；进人的权利；入场许可
admission n．[UC](入会，入学，入场)许可，入会费；门票(可数)供认；招供
9.There are many things that do me good without bringing in profits.
有许多事情能给我带来好处，而不是给我带来利益。
bring in（资金等）生（息）产生（利益），使赚入
The job brings him in HK $100
拓展：
bring out 出版 bring off 完成，拯救（遇难的船客等）bring on 引起，促成
bring through 使某人渡过困难
10.Stop that foolish clapping.不要傻乎乎地拍手了。
that foolish=so foolish
clap v. hit your hands together to show you are pleased, etc. 鼓掌；拍手
The audience clapped for five minutes. 听众鼓掌达五分钟。
n.[c] sound made by hands hitting together 拍手声；鼓掌声
11….when many of us enjoy abundant comfort, we would like to ask you to open your heart to the poor……我们许多人在享受舒适生活的时候，我们想请求你对穷人敞开心扉。
abundant adj．大量的,充足的;丰富的；充裕的be abundant in = be rich in
[举例](1)we have prepared abundant food and drinks for the camping．
我们为野营准备了丰富的吃的和喝的。
(2)There is abundant rain at this time of year．每年这个时候雨水充沛。
There is abundant rainfall in our hometown. 我们家乡雨量充沛。
Fish are abundant in the lake.湖里有大量的鱼。
Iraq is abundant in oil.伊拉克有丰富的石油。
There is abundant time. 时间多的是。
[辨析]abundant，enough
abundant表示十分的enough；enough只表示“够”，但不多。
12.Many thousands are in want of basic need…好几千人缺乏基本的必需品…
This broken fence is in want of repair. 这个破篱笆需要修理。
for want of/for lack of由于缺少/缺乏
in want生活困难
填空：in need of/in favour of/in want of/in praise of/in honour of/in the
face of/in hope of/in search of/in charge of/in memory of
①The concert was held in memory of the great composer Mozart.
②A medical team rushed to the scene of the disaster where hospitals were in need of doctors and nurses.
③Two minutes of silence observed in honour of those who died in the war.
④Zhong Nanshan was a responsible and brave doctor in charge of the fight against SARS in Guanggdong province.
⑤At the meeting, the headmaster spoke in praise of Tom who had saved the girl from drowning.
⑥It is important not to lose heart in the face of danger.
⑦Mathilde and her husband turned the whole room down in search of the lost necklace.
⑧Many people have to surfer today in hope of a better tomorrow.
⑨Mum turned down my suggestion while Dad spoke in favour of my idea.
⑩After floods had destroyed crops and houses, the farmers in the village were in want of food.
13. …and those who are badly off must go there.那些穷鬼应该到那些地方去。
badly off：poor 穷困 ，穷的，境况不好的，缺少的
Were you badly off at that time? 你那时穷困吗？
She was quite badly off after her husband died.丈夫死后，她的境况不好。
cf: be well off= be rich
The mountain school is badly off for /in need of/in want of teachers.山区学校紧缺教师。
14.If they would rather die, they had better do it.他们要是想死，最好让他们去死。
①would rather do sth.
②would rather do sth. than do sth.
③主+ would rather sb. did …(相对于现在)/had done …(相对于过去)
你愿意步行还是坐公共汽车? Would you rather walk or take the bus?
她宁愿死也不愿意演讲. She’d rather die than give a speech.
--Do you mind if I smoke? --Well, I would rather you _____( not do). (not did)
She is sad now. I would rather I ___________(not tell) her the fact yesterday.(hadn’t told)
15.My business occupies me constantly.我的事够我忙乎啦。
occupy vt.占(空间/时间), 占用; 使忙碌,使全神贯注;占领,侵占=take/seize;担任(职务)=hold
occupy oneself with / (in) doing sth. be occupied with/ (in) doing sth.
be occupied with/ (in) doing sth.=are busy writing/ are engaged in writing
Rose is _____ a translation of a French novel.
A. occupied with B. engaged with C. absorbed to D. busy in
The company occupies the entire building. 该公司占了整个建筑物。
He is occupied in repairing farm tools. 他正忙着修理工具。
The table occupies a lot of space。饭桌占去很大的空间。
Is this seat occupied?这座位有人吗？
His lecture occupied two hours.他的讲座用了两个小时。
The newcomers are occupied in writing letters home.新来的人们正在忙于写家书。
The enemy-occupied the city.敌人占领了这个城市。
He occupies an important position in the government.他在政府部门担任要职。
His work occupies him for the whole day. 他的工作使他整天没空。
These activities occupied most of her time. 这些活动占去了她的大部分时间。
16.And make it short, because it’s time to close up.说简单点，是关门的时候了。
close up(尤指暂时)关闭；使靠近
[举例](1)The factory is closed up because of a shortage of material．由于缺原料这个工厂被关闭。
(2)He could hear his pursuer closing up on him．他听得出追他的人正向他靠近。
[辨析]close up，close down
close up一般指暂时的关闭，而close down则是永久性地关闭
[举例](1)The shop closed up for checking．这个商店因检查而关闭。
(2)The local government decided to close down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment．当地政府决定关闭一些对环境造成重大损害的工厂。
Because the shop____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
A. has closed up B. had closed up C. is closing down D. closed down
close up shut up (使)停止或暂停营业；关闭
Business declined to such an extent that Smith Brothers had to close up.
生意清淡到这般地步，史密斯兄弟商店只得关门大吉。
come or bring closer together in a line or lines 使靠近
The officer told the men to close up their ranks. 军官要士兵们把队伍靠拢些。
17.welfare n.[u] the state of being well or doing well; health, happiness and well being 福利；幸福
economic welfare 经济福利
It concerns his welfare. 这关系到他的幸福。
18.It is over between us, don’t you see?他难道你没有看到吗，我们两个的关系完了。
19.Another idol has taken my place.另外有个偶像来代替我。
The football player is the idol of many young people.这位足球运动员是许多年轻人崇拜的偶像。
对比：idle adj. not working 闲着的
The machines in the factory were idle when the men were on holiday.
工人们休假时工厂里的机器都闲着没用。
adj. not willing to do things, lazy 懒惰的
He is not an idle boy. 他不是个懒惰的孩子。
20.You only have an eye for money.你只把眼睛盯住钱
have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光have no eye for没有兴趣
20.All your other hopes and dreams have flown into one ambition.
你其他的一切希望和梦想都变成了一个野心。
Until all is over ambition never dies. 不到黄河心不死。
He had a high ambition to be a headmaster. 他的抱负,想成为一个校长。
21.I’ve seen your nobler aspiration disappear one by one, until only one, Gain, was left.
我看到你崇高的愿望都在消失。现在只留下“获利”愿望了。
I have no aspiration for [after] fame. 我对名声没有什么渴望 [我不好名] 。
22.Our bond dates back to the time when we were both poor and content to be so.
我们的关系可以追溯到我们过苦日子的时候，那时候我们安于贫困。
were content to be so: be content to be poor=be pleased to be poor=be satisfied to be poor
23.You’ve got it all wrong.你全搞错了。
24.Let’s observe another little scene, as you might have in your life to come.
咱们再来看一个小镜头，这可能是你未来生活中会出现的镜头。
9.Let’s observe another little scene, as you might have in your life to come.
咱们再来看一个小镜头，这可能是你未来生活中会出现的镜头。
as此处引导一个定语从句，as在从句中作宾语。
You know as much about it as I do.对这件事，你和我知道的一样多。
He was a foreigner, as I detected from his accent.他是外国人，我是从他的口音里听出来的。
另外，as 多用于这些习惯用语中:
as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样
as is known to all众所周知
as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
as is mentioned above正如上面提到的
The results are as follows... 结果如下…
25.I think it’s because he walks slower than he used to, as of late.
我觉得是因为啊走路以前慢了，最近总是这样。真的常迟到。
We have had much rain of late（recently, lately）. 近来雨水很多。
I haven’t seen him of late.最近我没有看到他。
24.Long life to him.祝他长寿！
25. Have mercy!可怜可怜他吧（on him.）
26. Heaven, be praised for this! 上天啊，为这件事而赞美吧！
27.Take this money and tell them to deliver their biggest turkey to Bob Cratchit.
拿上这笔钱，叫他们把最大的火鸡送到Bob Cratchit家去。
28.Not at all, Bob, on the contrary.一点也不错，与你说的相反。
29….we’ll toast to the New Year with a glass of bishop wine.咱们一起喝一杯加香料的果子酒，庆贺新年。
8.too cold to write, Humbug! 太冷了没法写字了，胡扯！
The problem is too difficult for her to solve. 那个问题太难了，她无法解决。
比较：You are too anxious to leave. 你非常急于离开。
1.too...to...
（1）too +adj. +for sb.（sth.）……太……不适合于干……
The work is too difficult for me.
The jacket is a bit too small for me.
（2）Can’t（can never）...too...
=can’t/can never...enough 怎么……也不过分
（3）not/never too...to... 不太……而能……
9．personally adv．就自己而言；亲自
[举例](1)The prime minister planned to look into the matter personally．首相计划亲自调查此事件。
(2)Personally，I can’t agree with your plan．我自己认为我不能同意你的计划。
[记忆]personal adj．私人的；个人的
[辨析]personal，private，personnel
personal意为“私人的；个人的”；private意为“私有的，不是公共的”；personnel意为“人事的”。
[举例](1)1 want to discuss something personal with you．我想跟你谈点私事。
(2)She attended a private school，not a public one．她上的是私立学校，不是公立学校。
(3)After the board meeting，there will be some personnel changes in the company．
此次董事会后，公司内部将会出现一些人事变动。
[搭配]in person=personally亲自地
10. Much good may it do you! 愿圣诞赐福给你。
本句是一个倒装句，it 此处指圣诞节。这个句子从表面上看是祝福，其实，它经常会有讽刺的意味。
May he live to an old age!=Long may he live! 愿他长命百岁！
May you succeed!祝你成功！